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"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Y1
 ,How to use the Window System

"M
 
1.  How to use the Window System

"&
 8

Thischapterisabriefintroductiontohow
to
operate
the
window
system,from
the
point

 ofviewofsomeonesittingdownataconsole.Itdoes
not
attempt
to
deal
with
programming

 issues.Themainpurposeistopointatsomethingsyouneedtoknowtogetstarted.

"
 8[The
reader
knows
what"windowsystem"means,butdoesnotknowhowto"operate"it.

 DoesthismeanthatshehasreadtheChineNual?Whichversionhassheread,thepresent

 oneoraproposedfutureone?]

 
"=
 
1.1  The Display

"
 8

Thedisplayshowsoneormore
windows

,whichareindependentsub-displays.Most

 windowshave
borders

(blackoutlines)aroundthem.Somehavea
label

whichisusuallyin

 thelowerleft-handcorner.Ifthereisonlyonewindowonthedisplay,thebordersand

 labelareoftenomitted.

"
 8[ThereaderisamoderatelyexperiencedLispMachineuserwhoknowswhatthedisplay

 lookslikeandhasseenitinvariousstates,butdoesnotknowwhatanythingisproperly

 called.]

"
 8Usuallyoneofthewindowsis
selected

.Thismeansthatthat
window
is
the
focus
of
your

 attention,and
keyboard
inputisdirectedtoit.Mostoftentheselectedwindowwillhavea

 blinkingcursorandtheotherwindows(ifany)willnot.

"
 8[Thereader,whethersheiswillingtoadmititornot,hasconsiderableintuitive

 understanding
of
thewindowsystem.Sheisnotthrown,forexample,by"keyboardinputis

 directedtoit",althoughthisisnotthekind
of
thing
that
a
true
window
system
novice
could

 grok.]

"
 8Windowscanbe
exposed

,meaningthattheyarefullyvisibleonthescreen,orelse

 
deexposed

.A

deexposed


window
may
either
be
partially
visible
andpartiallycoveredbyother

 windows,orentirelyinvisible.Deexposedwindowscanbebroughtbacktothedisplayin

 manyways,describedlater.

"
 8At
the
bottomofthedisplayisthe
who-line

.Herearedisplayedseveralpiecesofstatus

 information.From
left
to
right
thewho-lineshowsthedateandtime,yourloginname,the

 current
package,the
state
of
the
process
that
is
connectedtothekeyboard,andthestateof

 anopenleorthetimesincethekeyboardwaslasttypedupon.

"
 8[Should
there
be
a
section
explaining
the
meanings
of
various
wait
statesthatmayappear

 in
the
whole
line
(lock,output-hold,select,nil)?It
is
very
dicult
toexplainthemwithout

 goingintothefullinternaldetailsofthesystem,andIdon'tthinkwewanttoencourage

 userstodoescc-clear.]

"
 8Underneaththewho-linearetwo
run-lights

,smallhorizontalbarswhichickeronand

 o.Theoneontherightistherewhentheprocessorisrunning;theoneontheleftis
there

 whenthediskisrunning.Ifthegarbage-collectorisactivated,itaddsa
third
run-light
to
the

 leftoftheothertwo.

"
"
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
%21-MAY-81

"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Y2
 
The Keyboard

"M
 8

Scatteredaroundthedisplayareseveral
blinkers

ofvariousshapesand
sizes,which
attract

 attentiontovariouspointsofinterest.

 
"=
 
1.2  The Keyboard

"
 8

Therearequiteafewkeysonthenew,largekeyboards.This
section
explains
what
some

 ofthemoreimportantkeysdo.Therearetwocolonsandtwosetsofparentheses;thereis

 nodierencebetweenthese,itisjustthatsomepeopleprefertheminoneplaceandsome

 inanother.

"
 8The
Hyper,Super,Meta,and
Control
keysoneachsideare"modiershifts";whenheld

 downwhileotherkeysaretyped,theymodifythemeaningofthoseotherkeys.Theyare

 generallyusedforgivingsingle-keystrokecommandstoprogramsliketheeditor.

"
 8Anumberofkeyshavespecialfunctions,describedbelow.Someofthesekeys
are
always

 operative,whileothers,describedas"usually"performingacertainfunction,areonly

 conventionsthatarenotfollowedbyallprograms.

 
"
 Tab
 HHorizontaltab;moverighttoanappropriateplacedependingoncontext.

 
"
 Return
 H"Carriagereturn"orendofline.

 
"
 Line
 H"Linefeed";thisisnotusuallytheendoflinecharacter,butisusedasa

 Hcommandbytheeditor,andsendsa"linefeed"inSupdupandTelnet.

 
"
 Altmode
 HThiskeyis
anomalous
in
that
it
is
large
and
blue
but
it
is
a
printing
character

 H(lozenge).Itisalsousedasacontrolfunctioninsomeprograms;this

 HanomalyisinheritedfromITS.

 
"
 Rubout
 HErasesthelastcharactertyped.ItisnotthesameasDelete.

 
"
 Delete
 HThiskeyisforsomeasyetunspeciedformofdeletion.InSupdupit

 HsubstitutesfortheVTkeyoftheoldkeyboards.

 
"
 Overstrike
 H"Backspaces"
so
that
you
can
put
twocharactersontopofeachother,should

 Hyoureallywantto.ThiskeyiscalledBSontheoldkeyboards.

 
"
 Terminal
 HUsedasaprexfor"keyboardescape"commandswhichyoumaytypeatany

 Htime,nomatterwhatprogramyouare
running.These
are
documented
below.

 HThiskeyiscalledEscontheoldkeyboards.

 
"
 System
 HUsedasa
prex
for
additional
"keyboard
escape"
commands,generally
used
to

 Hchangewhatprogramor"system"youaretalkingto.Thiskeydoesnotexist

 Hontheoldkeyboards,butcanbetypedasTop/Esc.

 
"
 Clear-Input
 HUsuallyushestheinputexpressionyouaretyping.ThiskeyiscalledClear

 Hontheoldkeyboards.

 
"
 Clear-Screen
 HUsually
erases
and
refreshes
the
selected
window.This
key
is
called
Formon

 Htheoldkeyboards.Intheeditor(insearchesandaftercontrol-Q)thiskeyis

 Hthepageseparatorcharacter,whichdisplaysas"form"inabox.

 H[Thismaygetchangedto"page";itwillstillbedierentfromwhatthekey

 Hsays.]

 
"
 Help
 HUsuallygetsyousomeon-linedocumentationorprogrammedassistance.On

 Htheoldkeyboards,Helpdoesexistasaseparatekey,butitcanbetypedas

 HTop/H.

"d
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
%21-MAY-81

"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Y3
 
The Keyboard

"M
 

Abort
 HAborts
the
operation
currently
being
performed
by
theprocessyouaretyping

 Hat,immediately(notwhenitisread).Forinstance,thiswillforceaLisp

 Hlistenertoabandonthepresentcomputationandreturntoitsread-eval-print

 Hloop.Ontheoldkeyboards,Abortdoesnotexistasaseparatekey,butit
can

 HbetypedasTop/Call.

 H[Whenwehavecontrol-abort,orwhatever,thatiscaughtbybreakloops,it

 Hshouldbedocumentedhere.]

 
"
 Break
 HUsuallyforcestheprocessyouaretyping
at
into
a

break


read-eval-print
loop,

 Hso
that
you
can
see
whatit'sdoing,orstopittemporarily.Theeectoccurs

 Hwhenthecharacterisread,notimmediately.

"
 HTerminalBreakissimilarbutalwaysworksandactsimmediately,notwhenthe

 Hcharacter
is
read.It
forces
the
process
into
the
error-handler
sothatyoucan

 Hlookatwhatitisdoing.

 
"
 Call
 HImmediatelystopstheprocessyouaretypingat,andselectsanidlelisp-

 Hlistener(creatingoneiftherearen'tany).Thisisthekeytousetogetto

 H"commandlevel"withoutdestroyingthecomputationinprogress.Whenthe

 Hwindowcalledout-ofisselectedagain,itsprocesswillbeallowedtorun
once

 Hmore.

 
"
 End
 HMarkstheendofinputtomanyprograms.Inputofasingle-linenaturemay

 HbeendedwithReturn,butEndwillterminatemultiple-lineinputwhere

 HReturnisusefulforseparatinglines.TheEndkeydoesnotapplywhen

 HtypinginLispS-expressions,whichareself-delimiting.Theoldkeyboardshave

 HnoEndkey;Top/Returnmaybeusedasasubstitute.

 H[CurrentlynoprogramshavebeenconvertedtouseEnd,andtherearea

 Hhodgepodgeofconventions,includingc-C,c-,c-CR.]

"
 H[Hand/ngerkeystoo.Alsonetwork.]

 
"
 Macro
 HIntroducesakeyboard-macrocommandinprograms,suchastheeditor,that

 Hhavekeyboardmacros.ThiskeyiscalledBack-Nextontheoldkeyboards.

 H[Idon'tknowwhatthismeans.Doesthereader?]

"
 8[WhenwedosomethingabouttheeditorControl-Top-commands,therewillbeanote

 aboutthathere.]

 [[Maybe]]

"
 8ThereareavarietyofusefulfunctionsreachablefromtheTerminalorEsckey.The

 mostimportantarelistedhere;youcanseetherestbytypingTerminalHelporEsc?.These

 workbytypingTerminalandakeysayingwhattodo;youcanalsogivea"numeric

 argument"byputtingnumbersand/oraminussignaftertheTerminalandbeforethe

 command
key.There
is
no
echo
to
showthatyouareinthemiddleoftypingoneofthese

 commands,exceptthatthewho-linewillsay"ESC".[Whatpartofthewho-line?]Type

 Rubouttoushapartially-typedTerminalcommand,orTerminaltostartitover.

 
"
 Terminal Help

 Esc ?
 HDisplaysalistofalltheterminalescapecommands.Typespacetoreturnto

 Hyourpreviouswindow.

 
"
 Terminal Clear-Screen

 Esc Form
 HClearsthescreenandrefreshesallthewindows,includingthewho-line.Use

 Hthis
when
something
has
been
clobbered,e.g.byuseofthe"cold-load-stream"

 Hdescribedbelow.

":
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
%21-MAY-81

"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Y4
 
The Keyboard

"M
 

Terminal Clear-Input

 Esc Clear
 HDiscardsanytyped-aheadkeyboardinputwhichhasnotyetbeenreadbya

 Hprogram.

 
"
 Terminal/Esc Call

 HPuts
you
into
a

break


read-eval-printloop,usingthe"cold-load-stream".This

 His
a
way
of
getting
toaLispread-eval-printloopthatcompletelybypassesthe

 Hwindowsystem,which
can
be
very
useful
in
debugging,since
it
interacts
with

 Handdependsonaminimumamountoftherestofthesystem.

 
"
 Terminal/Esc Break

 HForcesyourcurrentprocessintotheerrorhandler.Itshouldtypeout

 H"
>>BREAK

"andtheerror-handlerprompt"


".Youcanpokearoundinthe

 Hprocess,thentypecontrol-Ctocontinue.

 
"
 Terminal/Esc S

 HSwitches
youtoanother"selectable"window.Typinganumberbeforethe"S"

 Hcontrolsexactlywhathappens.Withnonumericargument,yougetthemost

 Hrecentlyselectedwindow;repeatingthisseveraltimeswill
cycle
though
all
the

 Havailablewindows.Withanumericargumentof
-1

(orjust
-

),yougetthe

 Hleast
recently
selectedwindow;repeatingthisseveraltimeswillcyclethrough

 Halltheavailablewindowsinthereverseorder.

 H[Thisdescriptionisnotselfconsistent.IfT/ESgetsyouthemostrecently

 Hselectedwindow,thentypingittwiceshouldhavenocumulativeeect;it

 Hleavesyouwhereyoustarted.Underwhatcircumstancesdoesitreallyget

 Hyouthemostrecentlyselectedwindow?]

"
 HWithanumericargumentof
0

yougeta
window
which
is
waiting
to
type
out

 Hwhendeexposedortoshowyouanerrorinabackgroundprocess.[Andif

 Hthereisnosuchwindow?]
With
a
numeric
argument
of

-2

,you
will
get
some

 Hwindowthatyouwouldnotbeabletogetotherwise;you
probably
don't
want

 Hto
use
this.[We
probably
don't
want
to
say
this.]
With
a
positive
argument
n

,

 Hyougetthe
n

'thmostrecentlyselectedwindow.

"
 H"EscS"and"Esc-S"willundoeachother,and"Esc1S"willundoitself.

 HThiscanbeconvenientforswitchingbackandforthbetweentwowindows.

 H[Ihavetondoutwhatthisreallydoesandrewritethesection.]

 
"
 Terminal/Esc W

 HControlsthewho-line.Whathappensdependsonthenumbertypedbefore

 Hthe"W".Withnonumericargument,thewho-lineisredisplayed.Numeric

 Hargumentsare1,letthewho-linefollowtheprocesstalkingtothekeyboard.

 H2,freezethewho-lineontheprocessitiscurrentlyshowing.3,freezethe

 Hwho-lineonthenextprocessinacertainorder.4,freezethewho-lineonthe

 Hnextprocessintheotherdirection.Thesenumbersare
the
same
as
on
AI
TV

 Hterminals.Whenthewho-lineisfrozenontoaparticularprocess,itdisplays

 Hthenameofthatprocessintheplacewhereitwouldnormallydisplayyour

 HuserID.

 H[Needsrewrite.]

 
"
 Terminal Hold-Output

 HIfitsays"OutputHold"inthewho-line,indicatingthatthe
"current"
process
is

 Htryingtodisplayonawindowwhichisnot
exposed,typing
this
command
will

 Hexposethatwindow.Otherwise
typing
this
will
beep.[On
the
new
keyboards?

 HFromwhatspeaker?]UseTerminalStoreturntothepreviously-selected

 Hwindow.Thisfunctionisunfortunatelynotavailableonoldkeyboards.

" 
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
%21-MAY-81

"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Y5
 
-The Mouse

"M
 8

Inadditiontothesecommands,thereareasetofsimilarcommandsintroducedbythe

 Systemkey(Top/Esconoldkeyboards).Thesecommandsareusedforswitchingwhat

 programor"system"youaretalkingto.

"
 8Ingeneraltheseworkbyselectingthenextwindowofthespeciedtypeonaringof

 such
(so
that
repeating
the
command
will
cycle
through
all
existing
windows
ofthattype.)If

 nowindowofthespeciedtypeexists,a
new
one
will
be
created
the
full
size
of
the
screen.

 Youcanusethescreeneditortomakeitsmallerifyoulike.

 
"
 System Help

 Top-Esc ?
 HListsthesystemsavailable.

 
"
 System E
 HTheeditor.Thisisthetexteditoralsoreachablethroughthe
ed

function.

 
"
 System I
 HTheinspector.Thisisadisplay-orienteddata-structureexaminationprogram,

 Hdescribedbelow.

 
"
 System L
 HAlisplistener.ThisistheinteractiveLispwindowyoustartoutin.

 
"
 System P
 HPeek.Thisisageneralsystem-statusprogram,describedbelow.

 
"
 System R
 HWindowerror-handler.Thisisdescribedbelow.You
cannot
create
a
window

 Herror-handler,youcanonlyselectbackanexistingonethatisinthemiddle

 Hofexamininganerringprogram.

 
"
 System S
 HSupdup.ThisisthenetworkprogramforITS.

 
"
 System T
 HTelnet.ThisisthenetworkprogramforsystemsotherthanITS.

 
"=
 
1.3  The Mouse

"
 8

Themouseisa
pointing
device
you
can
move
around
the
desk,with
three
buttons
on
it,

 calledLeft,Middle,and
Right.As
you
move
the
mouse,a
cursor
moves
around
the
display

 toshowwherethe
mouse
is
pointing.The
system
frequently
changes
the
shape
of
the
mouse

 cursortoshowyouwhatyoucandowiththemousebuttons.Wheneveritmakessense,

 clickingtheleft-handmousebuttonwhilepointingatawindowwill
select

thatwindow.If

 youpointatthevisibleportionofadeexposedwindowandclickleft,therestofthe

 windowwillbebroughtupontothedisplay,coveringoversomeotherwindoworwindows.

"
 8Manyprogramsuse
mouse-sensitive


displays.When
you
point
the
mouse
at
something
that

 ismouse-sensitive,itwillbehighlightedbyeitheraboxarounditorinversevideo.This
tells

 youthatclicking
a
mouse
button
will
do
something
to
or
with
the
highlighted
thing.Exactly

 whatitdoesofcoursedependsontheparticularprogramcontrollingthedisplaytowhich

 youarepointing.

"
 8Thesearesomeofthemorecommonmousecursors:

"
 8[Shouldweadopt"North","Northeast",etc.,tomakethefollowingdescriptionsprettier?]

"
 8Athinarrowpointingupandtotheleft.Thisisthedefaultmousecursor.

"
 8Athinarrowpointingupandtotheright.Thismeansthemouseisinaneditor
window.

 Youhaveseveraleditorcommandsonthemousebuttons.

"
 8A
thin
arrow
pointing
straightup.Theeditorusesthistoshowthatitisaskingyoufor

 thenameofafunctionorforasymbol.Ifyoupointthemouseatafunctionname,and

 stopmovingit,thenamewilllightupandyoucanclicktoselectit.

"+
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
%21-MAY-81

"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Y6
 	[The System Menu

"M
 8

A
small
X.This
is
used
when
the
mouse
cursor
wants
to
be
unobtrusive,for
instance
in

 menus.

"
 8A
fat
arrow,pointing
up,down,or
both.This
indicates
you
are
in
a
scroll
region.The

 idea
is
that
the
"contents"
of
the
window
are
too
big
to
be
displayedallatonce,soyousee

 onlyaportionofthecontents,andcanscrollitupanddown.Ifthemousecursorisa

 single-headedarrow,movingthemouseslowlyinthedirectionofthearrowwillscrollthe

 window,revealingmoreofthetextinthedirectionthearrowpoints,whilemovingthe

 mousequicklywillletyououtofthewindow.Ifitisadouble-headed
arrow,there
will
also

 beathinblackbarnearby,the"scrollbar".Therelationofthisbartotheedgeofthe

 window
to
which
it
isattachedshowswhatportionofthewindow'scontentsisvisible.The

 mousecommandsinthiscaseare

 
"
 
Left
 H

Movethelinenexttothemousetothetopofthewindow.

 
"
 
Left-double
 H

Movethelinenexttothemousetothebottomofthewindow.

 
"
 
Right
 H

Movethetoplinetowherethemouseis.

 
"
 
Right-double

 H

Movethebottomlinetowherethemouseis.Becauseofthiscommand

 Hdenition,you
cannot
get
to
the
system
menu
while
the
mouse
is
displaying
a

 Hdouble-headedfatarrow.

 
"
 
Middle
 H

Jumptoaplaceinthewindowcontentsasfar,proportionally,fromits

 Hbeginningasthemouseisfromthetopofthewindow.

 
"=
 
1.4  The System Menu

"
 8

To
get
into
the
system
menu,click
theright-handbuttononthemouse.Ifthemouseis

 inawindowthathasmousecommands,itgenerallytakestwoclicksinquicksuccessionto

 getthesystem
menu;otherwise,either
one
or
two
clicks
on
the
right-hand
button
will
work.

 Thereareafewobscurestates,suchasthescrollbarmentionedabove,whereyoucannot

 get
to
the
system
menu.Just
move
the
mouse
a
little
then
click.You
can
always
gettothe

 systemmenubyputtingthemouseinthewho-lineandclickingtheright-handbutton.

"
 8Havingcausedthesystemmenutoappear,youcanmovethemousearoundinit.The

 commandthatwill
be
executed
if
you
click
the
left
or
right
mouse
button
is
highlighted.To

 abandonthesystemmenuwithoutexecuting
a
command,just
move
the
mouse
far
away
from

 it.

"
 8Thecommandsinthesystemmenuare:

 
"
 
Create
 H

Createawindow.Firstyoumustchoosethetypeofwindowfromamenu,

 Hthenyoumustclickthemousewheretheupper-leftandlower-right
corners
of

 Hthe
window
should
go.If
you
put
the
lower-right
corner
above
or
to
the
left

 Hoftheupper-leftcorner,yougetthewholescreen(exceptthewho-line).

 
"
 
Select
 H

Givesyouamenu
of
selectable
windows.The
order
of
windows
in
the
menu

 Histhesameastheorderof"piecesofpaperstackedon
the
desk",thus
the
one

 Hatthetopofthemenuisthewindowthatiscurrentlyselected.

 H[Thephrase,"piecesofpaperstackedon
a
desk"
is
used
as
if
we
all
have
seen

 Hitbefore,perhapsinanotherpieceofdocumentation.Whichisthat?]

 
"
 
Inspect
 H

Callstheinspector,whichisdocumentedbelow.

"Y
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
%21-MAY-81

"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Y7
 	TThe Screen Editor

"M
 
Trace
 H

GivesyouamenuinterfacetotheTracepackage.[Moreaboutthislater.]

 
"
 
Edit Screen
 H

PutsyouintotheScreenEditor,whichdoesallsortsofwindowmoving,

 Hreshaping,burying,etc.operations.Thisisdocumentedindetailbelow.

 
"
 
Split Screen
 H

Letsyoucreateseveralwindowswhichwillsharethescreen.

 
"
 
Layouts
 H

Providesamenubywhichyoumaysaveandrestoresetsofwindowsand

 Htheirarrangementonthescreen.

 
"
 
Other
 H

Givesyouanothermenucontainingthefollowingadditionaloperations.

 H
"
 H
Arrest

 HUn-Arrest

 HReset
 

Dothespeciedoperationtotheprocess(ifany)associated

 withthewindowthemousewasinwhenyoucalledforthe

 systemmenu.

 H
"
 H
Kill
 

Destroythewindowthe
mouse
was
in
when
you
called
for
the

 systemmenu.

 H
"
 H
Emergency Break

 

Putsyouintoabreakpointinthecold-loadstream,like

 TerminalCall.

 H
"
 H
Refresh
 

Refreshesthewindowthemousewasinwhenyoucalledfor

 thesystemmenu.ThisislikeTerminalClear-ScreenorEsc

 Form,butappliestojustonewindow.

 
"=
 
1.5  The Screen Editor

"
 8

Thescreeneditorisamouse-controlledprogramformanipulatingthelayoutofyour

 screen.It
can
be
used
to
move
windows
around,tochangethesizeandshapeofwindows,

 andtochangewhichwindowsaredisplayed.

"
 8ThescreeneditorisgottenfromthesystemmenuwiththeEditScreencommand.

 Ordinarilyitwill
enter
the
screen
editor
immediately,editing
the
whole
screen.However,if

 thewindowthatthemouseisinisa
frame,you
have
the
option
of
editing
that
frame
or
the

 wholescreen;anotherpop-upmenuwillappearwiththepossiblesuperiorsyoucancallthe

 screeneditoron.

"
 8[Theword"frame"hasnotbeendenedinthisdocument.Thisparagraphreferstothe

 windowhierarchy,andmightnotbeunderstoodbyanovice.]

"
 8Thescreeneditorworksbydisplayingamenuofcommands.Youselectacommandby

 clickingonitwiththemouseandthemenudisappears.IfthecommandwasQuit,the
screen

 editorgoesaway.Otherwiseitasksyoutopointtoanywindows,edges,etc.neededas

 argumentstothecommand,bychangingtheshapeofthemousecursorandputtinga

 messageinthe
who-line.After
executing
the
command,the
screen
editor's
menu
will
appear

 again.

"
 8When
the
screen
editor
is
asking
you
to
pointtosomething,clickingtheleftbuttonwill

 selectwhatthemouseispointingat.Clickingeitheroftheothertwobuttonswillabandon

 thecurrentcommand.

"y
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
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"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Y8
 	TThe Screen Editor

"M
 8

Thecommandsinthescreeneditormenuare:

 
"
 
Bury
 H

Clickonawindowwiththemouse
and
it
will
be
moved
to
the
bottom
of
the

 Hheapofwindows,allowingotherwindowstobecomevisible.

 
"
 
Expose
 H

Clickonapartiallyvisiblewindowwiththemouseanditwillbemovedto

 Hthetopoftheheapofwindows,becomingfullyexposed.

 
"
 
Kill
 H

Clickonawindowwiththemouseanditwillbekilled.

 
"
 
Undo
 H

Attemptstorestorethestatefrombeforethelastscreeneditorcommand.

 HBeepsifitcannot.

 
"
 
Quit
 H

Exitsthescreeneditor.

 
"
 
Move Window

 H

Clickonawindowwiththemouseandtheoutlineofitwillfollowthe
mouse

 Haround
until
youreleasethemousebutton.Thewindowwillthenbemoved

 Hto
where
the
outline
is.[If
the
window
was
only
partially
visible,isitmoved

 Htothetopoftheheap?]

 
"
 
Reshape
 H

Click
on
a
windowwiththemouse,thenclickthetwonewpositionsforthe

 Hupper-leftandlower-rightcornersofthatwindow.Asusual,ifyouputthe

 Hlower-rightcorneraboveortotheleftoftheupper-leftcorner,the
window
is

 Hmadethefullsizeofthescreen.

 
"
 
Move Multiple

 H

This
collects
a
list
of
window
edges
and
corners
to
be
moved.Thethingson

 Hthelistaremarkedwithlargeblackhighlights.Alargearrowfollowsthe

 Hmousearound,showingwhatedgeorcorneritiscurrentlypointingat.

 HClickingon
a
window's
edge
or
corner
will
add
or
subtract
it
from
the
list
of

 Hthings
to
be
moved.Alongclick[?]willpickupthewholelot,andwilllet

 Hyoumoveitarounduntilthebuttonisclickedagain,atwhichpointthe

 Hwindowsinvolvedwillbemodied
accordingly.As
a
special
hack,if
you
add

 Hanedgeorcornerthatabutsanotheredgeorcorner,thatotheredgeor

 Hcornerwillbeaddedtoo,sothattheywillremainabuttingwhenyoumove

 Hthem.Ifthatisn'twhatyouwanted,clickonthenewoneanditwillturno.

 H[Wordedweirdly]

 
"
 
Expand Window

 H

Clickon
a
window
with
the
mouse
and
it
will
be
expanded
to
cover
as
much

 Hoftheneighboringwhitespaceanddeexposedwindowsaspossible.

 
"
 
Expand All
 H

Attemptstollupallwastedspaceonthescreenbyexpandingneighboring

 Hwindows
into
one
another.Since
no
window
isevermovedormadesmaller,

 Hthiscommandwillnotmanagetogetridofallwhitespaceinsome

 Hcomplicatedsituations,but
it
usually
succeeds,and
it
always
produces
a
stable

 Hpositionrelativetoitsowntransformation.[Exactlyhowis"move"dened?

 HHowisitpossibletosaythe"nowindowisevermoved"?]

"
"
"U
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
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"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Y9
 
%Notication

"M
 
1.6  Notification

"
 8

Whencertainasynchronouseventsoccur,unrelatedtowhatyou
are
currently
doing
with

 theselectedwindow,thesystemnotiesyoubydisplayinganexplanatorymessage.Suchan

 eventmightbeanerrorinaprocesswhosewindowisnotexposed,anerrororother

 attempttotypeoutbya"background"processwhichhasnoassociatedwindow,oran

 attemptto
type
out
on
a
deexposed
window
of
a
kind
which
noties
rather
than
just
waiting

 foryoutoexposeit.Thesystemnotiesyouinoneoftwoways,dependingonwhat

 windowsarecurrentlyonyourscreen.

"
 8Onewaythatyoucanbenotied
is
by
printing
of
a
message
enclosed
in
square
brackets.

 ThismethodisusedwhentheselectedwindowisaLisplistener,oranyothertypeof

 windowthatacceptsnotications.Ifthenoticationinformsyouofawindowwaitingto

 typeoutortotellyouaboutanerrorincurredbysomeprogram,thenyoucanselectthat

 windowatanytimebytyping"Terminal/Esc0S".Youcanreturnfromtheretoyour

 originalwindowbytyping"Terminal/Esc
S".If
multiple
windows
are
waiting
for
attention
in

 this
way,theyareallrememberedandyoucanselectthemoneafteranother.Alternatively

 youcouldselectoneofthesewindowsbyusingthe
Select
operation
in
the
system
menu
and

 pickingitoutofthedisplayedmenuofwindows.

"
 8Theotherwayyoucanbenotiedisbythepopping-upofasmallwindowwiththe

 messagedisplayedinit.Thishappenswhenthereisnogoodplaceonthescreen
to
print
the

 message.Inthiscaseyoucan'tdotoomuchuntilyoupointthemouseatthenotication

 windowandclicktheleftbutton,atwhichpointthenoticationwilldisappearandthe

 associatedwindowwhichiswaitingtotypeout(ifany)willappear.

 
"=
 
1.7  The Window Error Handler

"
 8

[Perhaps
it
should
be
renamed
"The
Interactive
Error
Handler".Thepresentnamemakes

 methinkthatitspurposeistohandlewindowerrors.]

"
 8This
section
describes
the
windoworientederrorhandler,whichcanbegottenfromthe

 standardkeyboarderrorhandlerbytypingControl-Meta-Wtothe


prompt.

"
 8The
error
handler
windowisdividedintosevenpanes.Atthebottomisalispwindow,

 whichordinarilyprovidesaread-eval-printloop,similartotheregularkeyboarderror

 handler.Morecommandsareavailablebyusingthemouseintheotherwindowsas
described

 below.

"
 8Atthetopisadisplayofthedisassembledorgroundcodeforthecurrentlyselected

 stackframe,dependingonwhetherornotitiscompiled.Thisis
an
inspection
window.The

 windowimmediatelybelowthisis
a
history
window
as
in
the
Inspector
(see
below).Clicking

 onanymousesensitiveitem
with
the
right
button
in
either
of
these
windows
inspects
it,and

 clickingwiththemiddlebuttonstusitintothelispwindow,echoingitandmakingitthe

 valueof
*

.

"
 8[Ourratherpeculiarreaderknowswhat"mouse-sensitive"means.]

"
 8Nextaretheargsandlocalswindows,sidebyside,displayingthenamesandvaluesof

 the
arguments
to
the
current
stackframeanditslocalvariablesandspecial-variablebindings.

 Thesewindowsaregrayedoutif
the
frame
has
no
variables
of
the
corresponding
type.They

 alsohaveascrollbar.Clickingthemouseonthename
of
a
variable
will
print
the
name
and

 thevalueinthelispwindow.Clickingonjustthevaluewillprintitinthelispwindow.

" 
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
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"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Q10
 [The Window Error Handler

"M
 

Themousewillhighlightanyrelevantquantitythatyouarepointingto.

"
 8WhensomethingisprintedintheLispwindowbypointingatitwiththemouse,the

 variable
*

is
set
to
the
value
printed,and
the
variable

+


is
set
to
a
locative
to
the
stack
slot

 containing
the
value,or
(in
the
case
of
a
special-variable
binding)
issettothesymbol.You

 canuse
*

tofeedthevaluetoanyLispfunction,and
+

toalterthevalue.

"
 8Nextisthestackwindow,whichdisplaysinapseudo-listformatthefunctionsand

 argumentsonthestack.Clickingonafunctionorargumentorsublistsofthemwillcause

 themtobeprintedinthelispwindowasintheargumentorlocalwindows.Also,clicking

 themousetotheleftofalinecontainingaparticularstackframe(whenthecursoris
a
right-

 pointingarrow)willmaketheerrorhandlerselectthatframe,changingwhatthecode,

 arguments,andlocalswindowsshow.

"
 8Belowthis,andabovethelispwindow,isthecommandmenufortheerror
handler.The

 availablecommandsandwhattheydoare:

 
"
 
What error
 H

Reprintstheerrormessageforthecurrenterror,inthelispwindow.

 
"
 
Quit one level

 H

Exitsjustthewindowerrorhandler,likeMeta-Zinthekeyboarderror

 Hhandler.

 
"
 
Exit
 H

LikeControl-Zinthekeyboarderrorhandler.

 
"
 
Arglist
 H

Asksforthenameofafunction,whichcanbetypedonthekeyboard,or

 Hmousedifitisonthescreen.Pickinganactororaclosurewillaskforthe

 Hmessagenametothatactorandprinttheargumentstoitsmethodforthat

 Hmessage.Pickingalineofastackframefromthestackwindowwilltryto

 Haligntheprintoutoftheargumentswithwhatvaluewassuppliedinthat

 Hpositioninthatframe.

 
"
 
Inspect
 H

Asksforanobjectwhichcanbepointed-towiththemouseortypedin,and

 Hinspects
it
in
theupperwindow.Seethenextsectionforinformationonthe

 HInspector.

 
"
 
Edit
 H

Readsthenameofafunctioninthesamefashion
as
the
Arglist
command
and

 Hinvokestheeditoronthatfunction.

 
"
 
Retry
 H

Attemptstorestartthecurrentframe,liketheControl-Meta-Rcommand.

 
"
 
Return a value

 H

Asksforthenameofavalue(whichcanbeselectedwiththemouse)and

 Hreturnsitfromthecurrentframe,likeControl-R.

 
"
 
Continue
 H

LikeControl-C,exceptthatthe
mouse
can
be
used
to
select
the
object
it
asks

 Hyouforinordertocontinue.

 
"
 
Set arg
 H

Selectanargumentorlocalwiththemouseandtypeormouseanewvalue

 Htobesubstitutedin.

 
"
 
Search
 H

LiketheControl-Scommand,exceptthatthemousecanbeused.

 
"
 
Throw
 H

Like
Control-T,it
asks
foratagandavalueandthrowsthere;themouseof

 Hcoursecanbeused.

 
"
 
Specials
 H

Typesoutthespecialbindingsofthecurrentstackframeinthelispwindow.

 
"
 
T

 NIL
 H

Clickingoneofthesesuppliesthatsymbolasanargumentorvalueforother

"3
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
%21-MAY-81

"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Q11
 
The Inspector

"M
 H

commands.Thesecanalsobeusedtoansweryes-or-noquestions.

 
"=
 
1.8  The Inspector

"
 8

The
inspector
is
a
window-oriented
program
for
poking
around
in
data
structures.When

 you
ask
toinspectaparticularobject,itscomponentsaredisplayed.Whatthe"components"

 aredependsonthetypeofobject;forexample,thecomponentsofalistareitselements,

 andthoseofasymbolareitsvaluebinding,functiondenition,andpropertylist.The

 objectsdisplayedonthescreenbytheinspectoraremouse-sensitive;whenyoupointthe

 mouseatanobjectaboxappearsaroundit.Clickingamousebuttonwilldosomethingto

 thatobject,suchasinspectingit,modifyingit,orgivingitastheargumenttoafunction.

"
 8Thefollowingdocumentationisonthecurrentversion.Asthisisstillanevolving

 program,itmaychangewithoutnotice.

"
 8Theinspectorcanbepartofanotherprogram,suchasthewindowerrorhandler,orit

 canbeused"standalone".Thestandaloneinspectorcan
be
entered
via
the

Inspect


command

 inthesystemmenu,orbythe
tv:inspect

functionwhichinspectsitsargument,ifany.

"
 8The
standalone
inspector
is
aframeconsistingofasmallinteractionwindowonthetop,

 a
history
window
and
menu
immediately
below
that,followedbysomenumberofinspection

 windows(threeinthedefaultstandaloneinspector).Eachinspectionwindowcaninspecta

 dierentobject.Whenyouinspectanobjectitappearsinthelargewindowatthebottom,

 andthepreviouslyinspectedobjectsshiftupward.

"
 8Otherprograms,suchasthewindowerrorhandler,mayutilizeinspectionandhistory

 windows,andthoughtheoutputwilllookthesame,thehandlingofmousebuttonsmay

 dependupontheparticularprogrambeingrun.Thediscussionbelowfocusesprimarilyon

 thestandaloneinspector.

"
 8The
history
window
maintains
a
listofallobjectsthathavebeeninspected.Itisusually

 keptinLRUordertheleastrecentlydisplayed
object
is
at
the
top,and
the
most
recently

 displayed
object
is
atthebottom.Anymousesensitiveobjectinthehistorywindowcanbe

 inspectedbyclickingonit.Thereisa"lineregion"atthelefthandsideofthehistory

 window,whichallowsoperationsonthehistorywindow.Inthelineregionthemouse

 cursor
changes
to
a
rightward-pointing
arrow.Single-click-left
inthelineregioninspectsthe

 object.Thisissometimesusefulwhentheobjectisalistanditisinconvenienttoposition

 themouseattheopenparen.Single-click-middledeletestheobjectfromthehistory.The

 history
window
has
a
scroll
bar
at
the
far
left,as
well
as
a
single
line
scrolling
region
inthe

 middleofthewindowatboththetopandthebottom.

"
 8Thehistorywindowalsomaintainsacacheallowingquickredisplayofpreviously

 displayed
objects.This
means
that
merely
reinspecting
an
object
willnotreectanychanges

 initsstate.Thesingle-click-middleoptionofthelineregiondeletestheobjectfromthe

 cacheaswellasdeletingitfromthehistorywindow.TheDeCachecommandinthemenu

 maybeusedtocleareverythingfromthecache.

"
 8At
the
top
of
an
inspection
window
is
a
label,which
is
the
printed
representationofthe

 object
being
inspected
in
thatwindow,orelsethewords"alist"meaningthatalistisbeing

 inspected.Themainbodyofaninspectionwindowisadisplayofthecomponentsofthe

 object,labelled
with
their
names
if
any.This
display
may
be
scrolled
using
the
scrollbaron

 theleftorthe"moreabove"and"morebelow"scrollingregionsatthetopandbottom.

">
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"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Q12
 
The Inspector

"M
 8

Clickingonanymousesensitiveobjectinaninspectionwindowinspects
that
object.The

 threemousebuttonshavedierentmeanings,though.Single-click-leftinspectstheobjectin

 the
bottom
window,pushing
the
previousobjectsup.Single-click-middleinspectstheobject,

 butleavesthesource
(namely,the
object
being
inspected
in
the
window
in
which
the
mouse

 wasclicked)inthesecondwindowfromthebottom.Single-click-righttriestondand

 inspectthe"function"associatedwiththeselectedobject(e.g.thefunctionbindingifa

 symbolwasselected).

"
 8Theexpandedformthatischosendependsuponthetypeoftheobject:

 
"
 
Symbol
 H

Thename,value,function,propertylist,andpackageofthesymbolare

 Hdisplayed.Allbutthenamearemodiable.

 
"
 
List
 H

The
list
is
displayed
ground
by
thesystemgrinder.Anypieceofsubstructure

 Hisselectable,andany"car"oratominthelistcanbemodied.

 
"
 
Instance
 H

Theavoroftheinstance,the
method
table,and
the
names
and
values
of
the

 Hinstance-variableslotsaredisplayed.Theinstance-variablesaremodiable.

 
"
 
Closure

, 
Entity

 H

The
function,and
the
names
and
valuesoftheclosedvariablesaredisplayed.

 HFor
an
entity
the
typeorclassisdisplayedaswell.Thevaluesoftheclosed

 Hvariablesaremodiable.

 
"
 
Named structure

 H

Thenameandvalueofeachslotaredisplayed.Thevaluesaremodiable.

 
"
 
Array
 H

Theleaderofthearrayisdisplayedifpresent.Foronedimensionalarrays,

 Htheelementsofthearrayarealsodisplayed.Theelementsaremodiable.

 
"
 
FEF
 H

Thedisassembledcodeisdisplayed.

 
"
 
Select Method

 H

Thekeyword/functionpairsareshown,inalphabeticalorderbykeyword.

 HThefunctionassociatedwithakeywordissettableviathekeyword.

 
"
 
Stack Frame
 H

This
is
a
special
internal
type
that
isusedbythewindowerrorhandler.Itis

 Hdisplayedaseitherinterpretedcode(alist),orasaFEFwithanarrow

 Hpointingtothenextinstructiontobeexecuted.

"
 8Theinteractionwindowisusedtoprompttheuserandtoreceiveinput.Iftheuseris

 notbeingaskedaquestion,thena
read-eval-inspect

loopisactive.Formstypedwillbe

 echoedintheinteractionwindowandevaluated.Theresultisnotprinted,butinspected

 instead.Whentheuserispromptedforinput,usuallyduetohavinginvokedamenu

 operation,anyinputbeingtypedatthe
read-eval-inspect

loopissavedawayanderased

 fromtheinteractionwindow.Whentheinteractionwiththeuserisover,theinputisre-

 echoedandtheusermaycontinuetotypetheform.

"
 8Somespecialkeyboardcharactersarerecognizedwhennotinthemiddleoftypingina

 form.

 
"
 
Control-Z
 H

Exitsanddeactivatestheinspector.

 
"
 
Break
 H

Runsabreakloopinthetypeoutwindowofthelowerinspectionpane.

"
 8Themenuisforinfrequentlyusedbutusefulcommands:

 
"
 
Exit
 H

EquivalenttoControl-Z.Exitstheinspectoranddeactivatestheframe.

"X
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
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"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 Q13
 
The Inspector

"M
 
Return
 H

SimilartoExit,butallowsselectionofanobjecttobereturnedasthevalue

 Hofthecallto
tv:inspect

.

 
"
 
Modify
 H

Allowssimpleeditingofobjects."SelectingModifychangesthemouse

 Hsensitivityofitemsonthescreen
to
only
include
elds
that
are
modiable.In

 Hthetypicalcaseofnamedslots,thenamesarethesensitiveparts.Whenthe

 Heldtomodifyhasbeenselected,anewvaluemaybespeciedeitherby

 Htypingaformtobeevaluatedorbyselectinganynormallymouseselectable

 Hobjectwith
the
mouse.The
object
being
modied
is
redisplayed.Single-click-

 Hrightatanytimeabortsthemodication.

 
"
 
DeCache
 H

Flushesallknowledgeabouttheinsidesofpreviouslydisplayedobjectsand

 Hredisplaysthecurrentlydisplayedobjects.

 
"
 
Clear
 H

Clearsoutthehistory,cache,andalltheinspectionwindows.

"
 8
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
")
 DSK:LMWIND;NWSOPR 36
 
%21-MAY-81

"
"
 

SHADOW's Documentation
 \i
 	[Table of Contents

"M
 2
Table of Contents

"`
 

1.  How to use the Window System
 I
.
 `.
 w.
 .
 %.
 <.
 S.
 j.
 
.
 .
 /.
 F.
 ].
 t.
 .
 ".
 9.
 P.
 g.
 ~.
 	.
 	,.
 	C.
 	Z.
 	q.
 
.
 
.
 
6.
 
M.
 
d.
 
{.
 .
 )

1

"!
   1.1  The Display
 z
.
 .
 (.
 ?.
 V.
 m.
 .
 .
 2.
 I.
 `.
 w.
 .
 %.
 <.
 S.
 j.
 
.
 .
 /.
 F.
 ].
 t.
 .
 ".
 9.
 P.
 g.
 ~.
 	.
 	,.
 	C.
 	Z.
 	q.
 
.
 
.
 
6.
 
M.
 
d.
 
{.
 .
 )

1

"!
   1.2  The Keyboard
 
.
 (.
 ?.
 V.
 m.
 .
 .
 2.
 I.
 `.
 w.
 .
 %.
 <.
 S.
 j.
 
.
 .
 /.
 F.
 ].
 t.
 .
 ".
 9.
 P.
 g.
 ~.
 	.
 	,.
 	C.
 	Z.
 	q.
 
.
 
.
 
6.
 
M.
 
d.
 
{.
 .
 )

2

"!
   1.3  The Mouse
 c
.
 z.
 .
 (.
 ?.
 V.
 m.
 .
 .
 2.
 I.
 `.
 w.
 .
 %.
 <.
 S.
 j.
 
.
 .
 /.
 F.
 ].
 t.
 .
 ".
 9.
 P.
 g.
 ~.
 	.
 	,.
 	C.
 	Z.
 	q.
 
.
 
.
 
6.
 
M.
 
d.
 
{.
 .
 )

5

"!
   1.4  The System Menu
 ?
.
 V.
 m.
 .
 .
 2.
 I.
 `.
 w.
 .
 %.
 <.
 S.
 j.
 
.
 .
 /.
 F.
 ].
 t.
 .
 ".
 9.
 P.
 g.
 ~.
 	.
 	,.
 	C.
 	Z.
 	q.
 
.
 
.
 
6.
 
M.
 
d.
 
{.
 .
 )

6

"!
   1.5  The Screen Editor
 ?
.
 V.
 m.
 .
 .
 2.
 I.
 `.
 w.
 .
 %.
 <.
 S.
 j.
 
.
 .
 /.
 F.
 ].
 t.
 .
 ".
 9.
 P.
 g.
 ~.
 	.
 	,.
 	C.
 	Z.
 	q.
 
.
 
.
 
6.
 
M.
 
d.
 
{.
 .
 )

7

"!
   1.6  Notication
.
 z.
 .
 (.
 ?.
 V.
 m.
 .
 .
 2.
 I.
 `.
 w.
 .
 %.
 <.
 S.
 j.
 
.
 .
 /.
 F.
 ].
 t.
 .
 ".
 9.
 P.
 g.
 ~.
 	.
 	,.
 	C.
 	Z.
 	q.
 
.
 
.
 
6.
 
M.
 
d.
 
{.
 .
 )

9

"!
   1.7  The Window Error Handler
 2
.
 I.
 `.
 w.
 .
 %.
 <.
 S.
 j.
 
.
 .
 /.
 F.
 ].
 t.
 .
 ".
 9.
 P.
 g.
 ~.
 	.
 	,.
 	C.
 	Z.
 	q.
 
.
 
.
 
6.
 
M.
 
d.
 
{.
 .
 )

9

"!
   1.8  The Inspector
 
.
 (.
 ?.
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%21-MAY-81